![]() ![]() It was considered one of the largest and the most beautiful temples in the city (although little now remains). 616–579 BC), and completed by the seventh and last king, Tarquinius Superbus (535–496 BC). The summit was the site of a temple for the Capitoline Triad, started by Rome's fifth king, Tarquinius Priscus ( r. The Vulcanal (Shrine of Vulcan), an 8th-century BC sacred precinct, occupied much of the eastern lower slopes of the Capitoline, at the head of what would later become the Roman Forum. The Sabines, who immigrated to Rome following the Rape of the Sabine Women, settled on the Capitoline. This cliff was later named the Tarpeian Rock after the Vestal Virgin, and became a frequent execution site. For this treachery, Tarpeia was the first to be punished by being flung from a steep cliff overlooking the Roman Forum. is widely assumed to be named after the Capitoline Hill.Īt this hill, the Sabines, creeping to the Citadel, were let in by the Roman maiden Tarpeia. The word Capitolium still lives in the English word capitol, and Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C. The Capitoline Hill contains few ancient ground-level ruins, as they are almost entirely covered up by Medieval and Renaissance palazzi (now housing the Capitoline Museums) that surround a piazza, an urban plan designed by Michelangelo. ![]() īy the 16th century, Capitolinus had become Capitolino in Italian, and Capitolium Campidoglio. The Capitolium was regarded by the Romans as indestructible, and was adopted as a symbol of eternity. In an etymological myth, ancient sources connect the name to caput ("head", "summit") and the tale was that, when laying the foundations for the temple, the head of a man was found, some sources even saying it was the head of some Tolus or Olus. The word Capitolium first meant the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus later built here, and afterwards it was used for the whole hill (and even other temples of Jupiter on other hills), thus Mons Capitolinus (the adjective noun of Capitolium). The hill was earlier known as Mons Saturnius, dedicated to the god Saturn. The Capitolium or Capitoline Hill ( / ˈ k æ p ɪ t ə l aɪ n, k ə ˈ p ɪ t-/ KAP-it-ə-lyne, kə- PIT- Italian: Campidoglio Latin: Mons Capitolinus ), between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the Seven Hills of Rome. Gismondi's scale model of the Capitoline Hill under Constantine, Museum of Roman Civilization Schematic map of Rome showing the Seven Hills and the Servian Wall Temple of Jupiter, Temple of Veiovis, Ludi Capitolini, Aedes Tensarum Piazza del Campidoglio, Palazzo Senatorio, Palazzo dei Conservatori, Palazzo Nuovo, Tabularium, Aedes Tensarum ![]()
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